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Modeling and control of photovoltaic energy conversion connected to the grid

Rebei NAJET, Ben Ghanem BELGACEM, Hasnaoui OTHMAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 35-46 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0169-y

摘要： This paper presents modeling and control of a photovoltaic generator (PVG) connected to the grid. The parameters of the PVG have been identified in previous work (series and parallel resistance, reverse saturation current and thermal voltage) using Newton-Raphston and the gradient algorithm. The electrical energy from a PVG is transferred to the grid via two static converters (DC/DC and DC/AC). The objective of the proposed control strategy is to maximize energy captured from the PVG. The adapted control law for extracting maximum power from the PVG is based on the incremental conductance algorithm. The developed algorithm has the capability of searching the maximum photovoltaic power under variable irradiation and temperature. To control the DC/AC inverter, an intelligent system based on two structures is constructed: a current source control structure and a voltage source control structure. The system has been validated by numerical simulation using data obtained from the PVG installed in the laboratory research (INSAT, Tunisia).

关键词： photovoltaic generator (PVG) maximum power point tracker grid-connected static converters

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Fractional order extremum seeking approach for maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic panels

Ammar NEÇAIBIA,Samir LADACI,Abdelfatah CHAREF,Jean Jacques LOISEAU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 43-53 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0343-5

摘要： Due to the high interest in renewable energy and diversity of research regarding photovoltaic (PV) array, a great research effort is focusing nowadays on solar power generation and its performance improvement under various weather conditions. In this paper, an integrated framework was proposed, which achieved both maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and minimum ripple signals. The proposed control scheme was based on extremum-seeking (ES) combined with fractional order systems (FOS). This auto-tuning strategy was developed to maximize the PV panel output power through the regulation of the voltage input to the DC/DC converter in order to lead the PV system steady-state to a stable oscillation behavior around the maximum power point (MPP). It is shown that fractional order operators can improve the plant dynamics with respect to time response and disturbance rejection. The effectiveness of the proposed controller scheme is illustrated with simulations using measured solar radiation data.

关键词： extremum seeking (ES) fractional order control (FOC) fractional calculus photovoltaic (PV) panel maximum power point tracking (MPPT)

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Novel power capture optimization based sensorless maximum power point tracking strategy and internal

Ali EL YAAKOUBI,Kamal ATTARI,Adel ASSELMAN,Abdelouahed DJEBLI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第4期页码 742-756 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0462-x

摘要： Under the trends to using renewable energy sources as alternatives to the traditional ones, it is important to contribute to the fast growing development of these sources by using powerful soft computing methods. In this context, this paper introduces a novel structure to optimize and control the energy produced from a variable speed wind turbine which is based on a squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG) and connected to the grid. The optimization strategy of the harvested power from the wind is realized by a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm based on fuzzy logic, and the control strategy of the generator is implemented by means of an internal model (IM) controller. Three IM controllers are incorporated in the vector control technique, as an alternative to the proportional integral (PI) controller, to implement the proposed optimization strategy. The MPPT in conjunction with the IM controller is proposed as an alternative to the traditional tip speed ratio (TSR) technique, to avoid any disturbance such as wind speed measurement and wind turbine (WT) characteristic uncertainties. Based on the simulation results of a six KW-WECS model in Matlab/Simulink, the presented control system topology is reliable and keeps the system operation around the desired response.

关键词： power optimization wind energy conversion system maximum power point tracking (MPPT) fuzzy logic internal model (IM) controller

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Simulation of grid connection and maximum power point tracking control of brushless doubly-fed generatorin wind power system

Hicham SERHOUD, Djilani BENATTOUS

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 380-387 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0252-z

摘要： In this paper, based on the analysis of the mathematical model in a common synchronous reference frame of the brushless doubly-fed generator (BDFG), the grid connection strategy and maximum energy extraction control were both analyzed. Besides, the transient simulation of no-load model and generation model of the BDFG have been developed on the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The test results during cutting-in grid confirmed the good dynamic performance of grid synchronization and effective power control approach for the BDFG-based variable speed wind turbines.

关键词： brushless doubly-fed generator (BDFG) modeling grid connection control back-to-back pulse-width modulation (PWM) converter wind power generation

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一种新型的部分遮挡和非匹配条件下最大功率点跟踪光伏子模块级功率平衡拓扑结构 Article

Mustafa GOKDAG,Mehmet AKBABA

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第12期页码 1388-1396 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500322

摘要：部分遮挡和串联模块（或子模块）的非匹配条件可在整个光伏系统中导致功率曲线非凸且出现多个局部极值和峰值功率下降的现象。通过功率传输，可将各子模块的工作电压拉平；这样的功率收集操作可生成凸功率曲线，提升光伏系统的峰值功率。本文所述拓扑结构受益于开关电容（Switched capacitor, SC）转换器的概念，是一种子模块级功率平衡概念的具体应用。与现有研究成果相比，其创新点包含无遮挡时停止开关操作、串联线路级可拓展性以及减少功率电子元件使用量。功率电子元件使用量的减少是通过两个子模块共享一个SC转换器的方式实现的，这也能带来降低功率器件能量损耗、降低成本和电路体积的优势。本文给出了所述拓扑结构的插入损耗的理论式，并通过PSpice仿真和原型电路的实验评估，证明了损耗理论解的正确性。这也表明，通过使用所述拓扑结构，有可能提取出部分遮挡的光伏线路的几乎所有可用能量，并将其传输至负载端。

关键词：子模块级最大功率点跟踪（Sub-module-level maximum power point tracking MPPT）；差分功率处理（Differential power processing

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THD reduction with reactive power compensation for fuzzy logic DVR based solar PV grid connected system

Akhil GUPTA,Saurabh CHANANA,Tilak THAKUR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 464-479 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0307-9

摘要： Dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is used to protect sensitive loads from voltage disturbances of the distribution generation (DG) system. In this paper, a new control approach for the 200 kW solar photovoltaic grid connected system with perturb and observe maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is implemented. Power quality improvement with comparison is conducted during fault with proportional integral (PI) and artificial intelligence-based fuzzy logic controlled DVR. MPPT tracks the actual variable DC link voltage while deriving the maximum power from a photovoltaic array and maintains DC link voltage constant by changing modulation index of the converter. Simulation results during fault show that the fuzzy logic based DVR scheme demonstrates simultaneous exchange of active and reactive power with less total harmonic distortion (THD) present in voltage source converter (VSC) current and grid current with fast tracking of optimum operating point at unity power factor. Standards (IEEE-519/1547), stipulates that the current with THD greater than 5% cannot be injected into the grid by any distributed generation source. Simulation results and validations of MPPT technique and operation of fuzzy logic controlled DVR demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control schemes.

关键词： fuzzy logic maximum power point tracking (MPPT) proportional integral (PI) control voltage restorer

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晶体硅太阳电池最大功率下负载的函数表达

丁金磊,程晓舫,余世杰,何慧若

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第6期页码 45-49

摘要：

从实际的晶体硅太阳电池电路基本方程出发，推导出晶体硅太阳电池最大功率下负载的函数表达。与传统的电工电路不同，太阳电池电路最大功率点下的负载大于太阳电池内阻，并随着温度的升高，其比值逐渐降低。实验结果与理论吻合。

关键词：晶体硅太阳电池最大功率负载

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A comprehensive simulator for assessing the reliability of a photovoltaic panel peak power tracking system

Nabil KAHOUL,Mourad HOUABES,Ammar NEÇAIBIA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 170-179 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0353-y

摘要： When designing a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, it is often difficult to correctly predict, before field testing, the behavior of this MPPT under varying solar irradiation on photovoltaic (PV) panels. A solution to this problem is to design a maximum power point trackers simulator of a PV system used to test MPPT algorithms. This simulator must have the same role as the MPPT card of the PV panel and thus will fully emulate the response of a real MPPT card of the PV panel. Therefore, it is a good substitute to help to test the peak power trackers of the PV system in the laboratory. This paper describes a simple peak power trackers simulator of the PV system which has a short response time thus, can be used to test MPPT algorithms under very rapid variation condition. The obtained results and the theoretical operation confirm the reliability and the superior performance of the proposed model.

关键词： photovoltaic module DC-DC converter design maximum power point tracking (MPPT) card microprocessor

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Dynamic characteristics and improved MPPT control of PV generator

Houda BRAHMI, Rachid DHIFAOUI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 342-350 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0242-1

摘要： This paper presents a mathematical model of photovoltaic (PV) module and gives a strategy to calculate online the maximum power point (MPP). The variation of series and shunt resistor are taken into account in the model and are dynamically identified using the Newton-Raphson algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified by laboratory experiments obtained by implementing the model on the dSPACE DS1104 board.

关键词： modeling of photovoltaic (PV) generator maximum power point tracking (MPPT) estimation parameters real time controller

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Rapid transaction to load variations of active filter supplied by PV system

M. BENADJA,S. SAAD,A. BELHAMRA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 335-344 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0325-7

摘要： This paper deals with the analysis and control of a photovoltaic (PV) system connected to the main supply through a Boost converter and shunt active filter supplied by a PV system providing continuous supply of nonlinear load in variation. A robust control of a PV system connected to the grid while feeding a variable nonlinear load is developed and highlighted. This development is based on the control of the Boost converter to extract the maximum power from the PV system using the Perturb and Observe (P and O) algorithm in the presence of temperature and illumination. The proposed modeling and control strategy provide power to the variable nonlinear load and facilitates the transfer of power from solar panel to the grid while improving the quality of energy (harmonic currents compensation, power factor compensation and dc bus voltage regulation). Validation of the developed model and control strategy is conducted using power system simulator Sim-Power System Blockset Matlab/Simulink. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the shunt active filter to load changes, the method of instantaneous power ( theory) is used to identify harmonic currents. The obtained results show an accurate extraction of harmonic currents and perfect compensation of both reactive power and harmonic currents with a lower THD and in accordance with the IEEE-519 standard.

关键词： solar panels maximum power point tracking (MPPT) DC/DC converter (Boost) shunt active filter instantaneous power control power quality harmonics imbalances reactive energy

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Emerging technologies to power next generation mobile electronic devices using solar energy

Dewei JIA , Yubo DUAN , Jing LIU ,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第3期页码 262-288 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0015-z

摘要： Mobile electronic devices such as MP3, mobile phones, and wearable or implanted medical devices have already or will soon become a necessity in peoples’ lives. However, the further development of these devices is restricted not only by the inconvenient charging process of the power module, but also by the soaring prices of fossil fuel and its downstream chain of electricity manipulation. In view of the huge amount of solar energy fueling the world biochemically and thermally, a carry-on electricity harvester embedded in portable devices is emerging as a most noteworthy research area and engineering practice for a cost efficient solution. Such a parasitic problem is intrinsic in the next generation portable devices. This paper is dedicated to presenting an overview of the photovoltaic strategy in the chain as a reference for researchers and practitioners committed to solving the problem.

关键词： photovoltaic conversion energy harvesting solar cell maximum power point track algorithm PV electricity storage mobile/standalone PV application

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Performance of PI controller for control of active and reactive power in DFIG operating in a grid-connected

Azzouz TAMAARAT,Abdelhamid BENAKCHA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第3期页码 371-378 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0318-6

摘要： Due to several factors, wind energy becomes an essential type of electricity generation. The share of this type of energy in the network is becoming increasingly important. The objective of this work is to present the modeling and control strategy of a grid connected wind power generation scheme using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) driven by the rotor. This paper is to present the complete modeling and simulation of a wind turbine driven DFIG in the second mode of operating (the wind turbine pitch control is deactivated). It will introduce the vector control, which makes it possible to control independently the active and reactive power exchanged between the stator of the generator and the grid, based on vector control concept (with stator flux or voltage orientation) with classical PI controllers. Various simulation tests are conducted to observe the system behavior and evaluate the performance of the control for some optimization criteria (energy efficiency and the robustness of the control). It is also interesting to play on the quality of electric power by controlling the reactive power exchanged with the grid, which will facilitate making a local correction of power factor.

关键词： wind power doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) vector control active power reactive power maximum power point tracking (MPPT)

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Powertrain control of a solar photovoltaic-battery powered hybrid electric vehicle

P. PADMAGIRISAN, V. SANKARANARAYANAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 296-306 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0605-8

摘要： This paper proposes a powertrain controller for a solar photovoltaic battery powered hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). The main objective of the proposed controller is to ensure better battery management, load regulation, and maximum power extraction whenever possible from the photovoltaic panels. The powertrain controller consists of two levels of controllers named lower level controllers and a high-level control algorithm. The lower level controllers are designed to perform individual tasks such as maximum power point tracking, battery charging, and load regulation. The perturb and observe based maximum power point tracking algorithm is used for extracting maximum power from solar photovoltaic panels while the battery charging controller is designed using a PI controller. A high-level control algorithm is then designed to switch between the lower level controllers based on different operating conditions such as high state of charge, low state of charge, maximum battery current, and heavy load by respecting the constraints formulated. The developed algorithm is evaluated using theoretical simulation and experimental studies. The simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed technique.

关键词： battery management system hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) solar photovoltaic

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为自供能传感器节点供电的最大功率点跟踪控制热能收集电路 None

Eun-Jung YOON, Jong-Tae PARK, Chong-Gun YU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第19卷第2期页码 285-296 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601181

摘要：提出一种简便的具有最大功率点跟踪（maximum power point tracking，MPPT）控制功能的热能收集电路，为自供能微型传感器节点供电。

关键词：热电能；能量收集；最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）控制；自供电系统；传感器节点

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Power quality investigation of a solar PV transformer-less grid- connected system fed DVR

Akhil GUPTA,Saurabh CHANANA,Tilak THAKUR

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 240-253 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0322-x

摘要： This paper presents a single stage transformer-less grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system with an active and reactive power control. In the absence of active input power, the grid-tied voltage source converter (VSC) is operated in a reactive power generation mode, which powers the control circuitry, and maintains a regulated DC voltage to the VSC. A data-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control scheme which performs power quality control at a maximum power by reducing the total harmonic distortion (THD) in grid injected current as per IEEE-519/1547 standards is implemented. A proportional-integral (PI) controller based dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) control scheme is implemented which controls the grid side converter during single-phase to ground fault. The analysis includes the grid current THD along with the corresponding variation of the active and reactive power during the fault condition. The MPPT tracks the actual variable DC link voltage while deriving the maximum power from the solar PV array, and maintains the DC link voltage constant by changing the modulation index of the VSC. Simulation results using Matlab/Simulink are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and validations of the proposed novel MPPT and DVR control systems under different environmental conditions.

关键词： data-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) total harmonic distortion (THD) proportional integral control voltage restorer pulse width modulation